Explanation Text

How Cancer Occurs

source : gambarselkanker.com

source : gambarselkanker.com

What is cancer? It is actually a group of more than one hundred separate diseases. Most of us are fear from cancer. It is reasonable because next to heart disease, cancer is the second leading cause of death.

Cancer cells come from normal cells because of mutations of DNA. Mutations can happen by chance when a cell is dividing. They can also be caused by the processes of life inside the cell. Or they can be caused by things coming from outside the body, such as the chemicals in tobacco smoke. And some people can inherit faults in particular genes that make them more likely to develop a cancer.

Some genes get damaged every day and cells are very good at repairing them. But over time, the damage may build up. And once cells start growing too fast, they are more likely to pick up further mutations and less likely to be able to repair the damaged genes.

Cancer cells are formed continuously in the organism. It is estimated that there are about 10,000 cancer cells at any given time in a healthy person. Why do some result in macroscopic-level cancers and some do not? First, not all damaged cells can multiply and many of them die quickly. Second, those which potentially divide and form cancer are effectively destroyed by the mechanisms available to the immune system.

Therefore cancer develops if the immune system is not working properly or the amount of cells produced is too great for the immune system to eliminate.

Lexicogrammatical Features   :

1.      Focus on generic, non human participants

2.      Use of simple present

3.      Use temporal and causative relations

4.      Use some passive verbs

 

Procedure Text

How to Make Batik Tulis

source : gambarbatiktulis.com

source : gambarbatiktulis.com

Things you need        :

1.      Fabric

2.      Paint (naphtol or indigosol)

3.      Design / pattren

4.      Pencil

5.      Wax

6.      Canting

7.      Wooden Frame ( gawangan)

8.      Sodium carbonate

9.      Caustic soda

10.  Pan and Stove ( to heat the wax)

Steps                           :

1.      First, prepare the main material ( the design / pattren and the fabric)

2.      Wash the fabric to remove any dirty

3.      Then, apply the pattern. You can draw with pencil directly on the material or copy paper patterns. Another way is to cut the pattern out from the paper and sprinkle the edges with charcoal or powdered graphite from the pencils.

4.      The next step is applying the hot wax along the drawn lines and ornaments uses canting. Apply the wax to the line or ornaments that you won’t be collored. This step is really time consuming. This technique also requires precision and incredible patience. So, you must be patient.

5.      When the wax in applied and dry, the fabric can be dyed. First, immerse the fabric in a solution of sodium carbonate in order to enhance absorption of color that we will do it in the next step.

6.       After that, the fabric is immersed in the actual paint (napthol or indigosol), rinse in cold water.

7.      The next step is remove the wax. To do this, we immerse batik for few moments in boiling water. Mix a caustic soda with the water to help  remove the wax.

8.      The last step is dry the batik cloth and  the process of making batik is finished.

Note :

The process of waxing on the cloth can be repeated in accordance with the many colors that will be applied on the fabric.

Lexicogrammatical Features :

1.      Generalized human agent( often implicit).

2.      Use of simple present.

3.      Temporal conjunction.

4.      Use of mainly action verbs.

There are some additional picture related to the process of  making Batik Tulis =

Apply the hot wax on fabric

Make the pattren 

colored the batik 

remove the wax

There are some tools and materials that we need to make Batik =

Fabric

Canting, wax, stove and pan

Report Text

Veil

( source : gambar hijab.com)

( source : gambar hijab.com )

 

Veil is a kind of cloth that wear by woman in their head, especially a moslem to cover their  genitals. There are so many kinds of veils and the manners to wear the veils. It’s also has a lot of design. The design become different everytime following the situation. (general classification)

Veil has many kinds, such as simple veil, four side veil, pashmina veil, long scraf and so on. First is simple veil or veil that ready to wear. It’s more practice. It’s circle. No need to use the needle or pin when they wear it. It’s still hold until now, but now this veil has many models.

Paris is also a kind of veil. It’s square and the cloth is more thin and transparency than simple veil. Veil are made by chiffon, cotton, lycra or spandex, silk, rayon, polyester, jersey.

It’s also has many models and colors. To wear it, we need to use the needle or pin. Most of woman usually modify the manner to wear it to make them more beautiful.the next kind of veil is pashmina. It’s rectangle. It’s also has many models and colors. It’s also has many way to modify it. We need to use needle or pin to make more beautiful. Veil is a cloth to cover to the woman’s genitals that has so many models, patterns, colors and many ways to modify it. Veil always become different following the situation.

There are several benefits of using the veil that is to obey the commands of religion, prevent sunburn, maintaning healthy hear, preventing skin cancer, as identify as a Muslim etc.

The veil is very useful for maintaning the health of women and close the genitals. ( description)

Note :

1.      Generic participant(s)

2.      Simple Present

3.      Use having clause